Encrypting / Decrypting Request

All requests sent to the cNGN API are encrypted using AES encryption for request payloads and Ed25519 decryption for response data.

Ed25519 Example:

import sodium from 'libsodium-wrappers';
import {Buffer} from 'buffer';

export class Ed25519Crypto {

    private static isInitialized = false;

    private static async initialize() {
        if (!this.isInitialized) {
            await sodium.ready;
            this.isInitialized = true;
        }
    }

    private static parseOpenSSHPrivateKey(privateKey: string): Uint8Array {
        const lines = privateKey.split('\n');
        const base64PrivateKey = lines.slice(1, -1).join('');
        const privateKeyBuffer = Buffer.from(base64PrivateKey, 'base64');

        const keyDataStart = privateKeyBuffer.indexOf(Buffer.from([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40]));
        if (keyDataStart === -1) {
            throw new Error('Unable to find Ed25519 key data');
        }

        return new Uint8Array(privateKeyBuffer.subarray(keyDataStart + 4, keyDataStart + 68));
    }

    public static async decryptWithPrivateKey(ed25519PrivateKey: string, encryptedData: string): Promise<string> {
        await this.initialize();

        try {
            const fullPrivateKey = this.parseOpenSSHPrivateKey(ed25519PrivateKey);
            const curve25519PrivateKey = sodium.crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_curve25519(fullPrivateKey);
            const encryptedBuffer = Buffer.from(encryptedData, 'base64');

            const nonce = encryptedBuffer.subarray(0, sodium.crypto_box_NONCEBYTES);
            const ephemeralPublicKey = encryptedBuffer.subarray(-sodium.crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
            const ciphertext = encryptedBuffer.subarray(sodium.crypto_box_NONCEBYTES, -sodium.crypto_box_PUBLICKEYBYTES);

            const decrypted = sodium.crypto_box_open_easy(
                ciphertext,
                nonce,
                ephemeralPublicKey,
                curve25519PrivateKey
            );

            return sodium.to_string(decrypted)
        } catch (error) {
            throw new Error(`Failed to decrypt with the provided Ed25519 private key: ${error}`);
        }
    }

}

# You have to install pynacl, cryptography

from nacl.public import PrivateKey, PublicKey, Box
from nacl.encoding import Base64Encoder
from nacl.bindings import crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_curve25519
import base64
import re

class Ed25519Crypto:
    is_initialized = False

    @staticmethod
    def initialize():
        if not Ed25519Crypto.is_initialized:
            # No explicit initialization is required for PyNaCl, but we keep this as a safeguard.
            Ed25519Crypto.is_initialized = True

    @staticmethod
    def parse_openssh_private_key(private_key: str) -> bytes:
        """
        Parses an OpenSSH Ed25519 private key to extract the 32-byte private key.
        
        :param private_key: The OpenSSH private key string.
        :return: The 32-byte Ed25519 private key as bytes.
        """
        # Remove the key header/footer and decode the base64 content
        private_key_stripped = re.sub(r'-----.* PRIVATE KEY-----', '', private_key).strip()
        private_key_stripped = re.sub(r"\s+", '', private_key_stripped)
        private_key_buffer = base64.b64decode(private_key_stripped)

        # Look for Ed25519 key data (00 00 00 20)
        key_data_start = private_key_buffer.find(b'\x00\x00\x00\x40')
        if key_data_start == -1:
            raise Exception('Unable to find Ed25519 key data')

        # The key starts after 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x20 (32-byte key length marker)
        return private_key_buffer[key_data_start + 4: key_data_start + 68]

    @staticmethod
    def decrypt_with_private_key(ed25519_private_key: str, encrypted_data: str) -> str:
        """
        Decrypts data using an Ed25519 private key (converted to Curve25519).
        
        :param ed25519_private_key: The OpenSSH Ed25519 private key string.
        :param encrypted_data: The encrypted data in base64 format.
        :return: The decrypted plaintext as a string.
        """
        Ed25519Crypto.initialize()

        try:
            # Parse the OpenSSH private key format and extract the Ed25519 private key
            ed25519_private_key_bytes = Ed25519Crypto.parse_openssh_private_key(ed25519_private_key)

            # Convert Ed25519 private key to Curve25519 private key for use with Box
            curve25519_private_key_bytes = crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_curve25519(ed25519_private_key_bytes)
            private_key = PrivateKey(curve25519_private_key_bytes)

            # Decode the base64-encoded encrypted data
            encrypted_buffer = base64.b64decode(encrypted_data)

            # Extract nonce (24 bytes), ephemeral public key (32 bytes), and ciphertext
            nonce = encrypted_buffer[:24]
            ephemeral_public_key = PublicKey(encrypted_buffer[-32:])
            ciphertext = encrypted_buffer[24:-32]

            # Create a Box with the recipient's Curve25519 private key and the sender's ephemeral public key
            box = Box(private_key, ephemeral_public_key)

            # Decrypt the ciphertext
            decrypted = box.decrypt(ciphertext, nonce)

            return decrypted.decode('utf-8')

        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception("Failed to decrypt with the provided Ed25519 private key: " + str(e))

<?php

class Ed25519Crypto
{
    private static $isInitialized = false;

    private static function initialize()
    {
        if (!self::$isInitialized) {
            if (!extension_loaded('sodium')) {
                throw new Exception("The sodium extension is not loaded");
            }
            self::$isInitialized = true;
        }
    }

    private static function parseOpenSSHPrivateKey(string $privateKey): string
    {
        $lines = explode("\n", $privateKey);
        $base64PrivateKey = implode('', array_slice($lines, 1, -1));
        $privateKeyBuffer = base64_decode($base64PrivateKey);

        // Look for the Ed25519 key data
        $keyDataStart = strpos($privateKeyBuffer, pack('C*', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40));
        if ($keyDataStart === false) {
            throw new Exception('Unable to find Ed25519 key data');
        }

        // Extract the key data
        return substr($privateKeyBuffer, $keyDataStart + 4, 64);
    }

    public static function decryptWithPrivateKey(string $ed25519PrivateKey, string $encryptedData): string
    {
        self::initialize();

        try {
            $fullPrivateKey = self::parseOpenSSHPrivateKey($ed25519PrivateKey);
            // Convert Ed25519 private key to Curve25519 private key
            $curve25519PrivateKey = sodium_crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_curve25519($fullPrivateKey);
            $encryptedBuffer = base64_decode($encryptedData);

            // Extract nonce, ephemeral public key, and ciphertext
            $nonce = substr($encryptedBuffer, 0, SODIUM_CRYPTO_BOX_NONCEBYTES);
            $ephemeralPublicKey = substr($encryptedBuffer, -SODIUM_CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
            $ciphertext = substr($encryptedBuffer, SODIUM_CRYPTO_BOX_NONCEBYTES, -SODIUM_CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES);

            $keyPair = sodium_crypto_box_keypair_from_secretkey_and_publickey($curve25519PrivateKey, $ephemeralPublicKey);

            // Decrypt the ciphertext
            $decrypted = sodium_crypto_box_open($ciphertext, $nonce, $keyPair);

            if ($decrypted === false) {
                throw new Exception('Decryption failed');
            }

            return $decrypted;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            throw new Exception("Failed to decrypt with the provided Ed25519 private key: " . $e->getMessage());
        }
    }
}

AES Example:

Example code that encrypts request data before sending to the cNGN api

import * as crypto from 'crypto';

export type AESEncryptionResponse = {
    iv: string,
    content: string
}

export class AESCrypto {
    private static readonly ALGORITHM = 'aes-256-cbc';
    private static readonly IV_LENGTH = 16;
    private static readonly KEY_LENGTH = 32; // 256 bits

    private static prepareKey(key: string): Buffer {
        // Hash the key to ensure it's always the correct length
        const hash = crypto.createHash('sha256');
        hash.update(key);
        return hash.digest();
    }

    public static encrypt(data: string, key: string): AESEncryptionResponse {
        const iv = crypto.randomBytes(this.IV_LENGTH);
        const keyBuffer = this.prepareKey(key);

        const cipher = crypto.createCipheriv(this.ALGORITHM, keyBuffer, iv);

        let encrypted = cipher.update(data, 'utf8', 'base64');
        encrypted += cipher.final('base64');

        return {
            content: encrypted,
            iv: iv.toString('base64')
        };
    }

    public static decrypt(encryptedData: AESEncryptionResponse, key: string): string {
        const iv = Buffer.from(encryptedData.iv, 'base64');
        const keyBuffer = this.prepareKey(key);

        const decipher = crypto.createDecipheriv(this.ALGORITHM, keyBuffer, iv);

        let decrypted = decipher.update(encryptedData.content, 'base64', 'utf8');
        decrypted += decipher.final('utf8');

        return decrypted;
    }
}

# You have to install cryptography

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC
import os
import base64

class AESCrypto:
    ALGORITHM = algorithms.AES
    IV_LENGTH = 16
    KEY_LENGTH = 32  # 256 bits

    @staticmethod
    def prepare_key(key: str) -> bytes:
        # Hash the key using SHA-256 to ensure it's always the correct length (32 bytes)
        digest = hashes.Hash(hashes.SHA256(), backend=default_backend())
        digest.update(key.encode('utf-8'))
        return digest.finalize()

    @staticmethod
    def encrypt(data: str, key: str) -> dict:
        # Generate a random Initialization Vector (IV)
        iv = os.urandom(AESCrypto.IV_LENGTH)
        key_buffer = AESCrypto.prepare_key(key)

        # Create cipher and encrypt the data
        cipher = Cipher(AESCrypto.ALGORITHM(key_buffer), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend())
        encryptor = cipher.encryptor()

        # Pad data to be multiple of 16 bytes (block size for AES)
        padding_length = 16 - (len(data) % 16)
        padded_data = data + chr(padding_length) * padding_length
        encrypted = encryptor.update(padded_data.encode('utf-8')) + encryptor.finalize()

        # Return the encrypted content and the IV (both base64 encoded)
        return {
            'content': base64.b64encode(encrypted).decode('utf-8'),
            'iv': base64.b64encode(iv).decode('utf-8')
        }

    @staticmethod
    def decrypt(encrypted_data: dict, key: str) -> str:
        # Decode the base64 encoded IV and content
        iv = base64.b64decode(encrypted_data['iv'])
        encrypted_content = base64.b64decode(encrypted_data['content'])
        key_buffer = AESCrypto.prepare_key(key)

        # Create cipher and decrypt the data
        cipher = Cipher(AESCrypto.ALGORITHM(key_buffer), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend())
        decryptor = cipher.decryptor()

        decrypted = decryptor.update(encrypted_content) + decryptor.finalize()

        # Remove padding
        padding_length = decrypted[-1]
        decrypted = decrypted[:-padding_length]

        return decrypted.decode('utf-8')

<?php

class AESCrypto
{
    private const ALGORITHM = 'aes-256-cbc';
    private const IV_LENGTH = 16;
    private const KEY_LENGTH = 32; // 256 bits

    private static function prepareKey(string $key): string
    {
        // Hash the key to ensure it's always the correct length
        return hash('sha256', $key, true); // returns raw binary output
    }

    public static function encrypt(string $data, string $key): array
    {
        // Generate a random Initialization Vector (IV)
        $iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(self::IV_LENGTH);
        $keyBuffer = self::prepareKey($key);

        // Encrypt the data using AES-256-CBC
        $encrypted = openssl_encrypt($data, self::ALGORITHM, $keyBuffer, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);

        // Return the encrypted content and the IV (both base64 encoded)
        return [
            'content' => base64_encode($encrypted),
            'iv' => base64_encode($iv)
        ];
    }

    public static function decrypt(array $encryptedData, string $key): string
    {
        // Decode the base64 encoded IV and content
        $iv = base64_decode($encryptedData['iv']);
        $encryptedContent = base64_decode($encryptedData['content']);
        $keyBuffer = self::prepareKey($key);

        // Decrypt the data
        $decrypted = openssl_decrypt($encryptedContent, self::ALGORITHM, $keyBuffer, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);

        return $decrypted;
    }
}

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Last updated 5 months ago

# You have to install pynacl, cryptography from nacl.public import PrivateKey, PublicKey, Box from nacl.encoding import Base64Encoder from nacl.bindings import crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_curve25519 import base64 import re class Ed25519Crypto: is_initialized = False @staticmethod def initialize(): if not Ed25519Crypto.is_initialized: # No explicit initialization is required for PyNaCl, but we keep this as a safeguard. Ed25519Crypto.is_initialized = True @staticmethod def parse_openssh_private_key(private_key: str) -> bytes: """ Parses an OpenSSH Ed25519 private key to extract the 32-byte private key. :param private_key: The OpenSSH private key string. :return: The 32-byte Ed25519 private key as bytes. """ # Remove the key header/footer and decode the base64 content private_key_stripped = re.sub(r'-----.* PRIVATE KEY-----', '', private_key).strip() private_key_stripped = re.sub(r"\s+", '', private_key_stripped) private_key_buffer = base64.b64decode(private_key_stripped) # Look for Ed25519 key data (00 00 00 20) key_data_start = private_key_buffer.find(b'\x00\x00\x00\x40') if key_data_start == -1: raise Exception('Unable to find Ed25519 key data') # The key starts after 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x20 (32-byte key length marker) return private_key_buffer[key_data_start + 4: key_data_start + 68] @staticmethod def decrypt_with_private_key(ed25519_private_key: str, encrypted_data: str) -> str: """ Decrypts data using an Ed25519 private key (converted to Curve25519). :param ed25519_private_key: The OpenSSH Ed25519 private key string. :param encrypted_data: The encrypted data in base64 format. :return: The decrypted plaintext as a string. """ Ed25519Crypto.initialize() try: # Parse the OpenSSH private key format and extract the Ed25519 private key ed25519_private_key_bytes = Ed25519Crypto.parse_openssh_private_key(ed25519_private_key) # Convert Ed25519 private key to Curve25519 private key for use with Box curve25519_private_key_bytes = crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_curve25519(ed25519_private_key_bytes) private_key = PrivateKey(curve25519_private_key_bytes) # Decode the base64-encoded encrypted data encrypted_buffer = base64.b64decode(encrypted_data) # Extract nonce (24 bytes), ephemeral public key (32 bytes), and ciphertext nonce = encrypted_buffer[:24] ephemeral_public_key = PublicKey(encrypted_buffer[-32:]) ciphertext = encrypted_buffer[24:-32] # Create a Box with the recipient's Curve25519 private key and the sender's ephemeral public key box = Box(private_key, ephemeral_public_key) # Decrypt the ciphertext decrypted = box.decrypt(ciphertext, nonce) return decrypted.decode('utf-8') except Exception as e: raise Exception("Failed to decrypt with the provided Ed25519 private key: " + str(e))

<?php class Ed25519Crypto { private static $isInitialized = false; private static function initialize() { if (!self::$isInitialized) { if (!extension_loaded('sodium')) { throw new Exception("The sodium extension is not loaded"); } self::$isInitialized = true; } } private static function parseOpenSSHPrivateKey(string $privateKey): string { $lines = explode("\n", $privateKey); $base64PrivateKey = implode('', array_slice($lines, 1, -1)); $privateKeyBuffer = base64_decode($base64PrivateKey); // Look for the Ed25519 key data $keyDataStart = strpos($privateKeyBuffer, pack('C*', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40)); if ($keyDataStart === false) { throw new Exception('Unable to find Ed25519 key data'); } // Extract the key data return substr($privateKeyBuffer, $keyDataStart + 4, 64); } public static function decryptWithPrivateKey(string $ed25519PrivateKey, string $encryptedData): string { self::initialize(); try { $fullPrivateKey = self::parseOpenSSHPrivateKey($ed25519PrivateKey); // Convert Ed25519 private key to Curve25519 private key $curve25519PrivateKey = sodium_crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_curve25519($fullPrivateKey); $encryptedBuffer = base64_decode($encryptedData); // Extract nonce, ephemeral public key, and ciphertext $nonce = substr($encryptedBuffer, 0, SODIUM_CRYPTO_BOX_NONCEBYTES); $ephemeralPublicKey = substr($encryptedBuffer, -SODIUM_CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES); $ciphertext = substr($encryptedBuffer, SODIUM_CRYPTO_BOX_NONCEBYTES, -SODIUM_CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES); $keyPair = sodium_crypto_box_keypair_from_secretkey_and_publickey($curve25519PrivateKey, $ephemeralPublicKey); // Decrypt the ciphertext $decrypted = sodium_crypto_box_open($ciphertext, $nonce, $keyPair); if ($decrypted === false) { throw new Exception('Decryption failed'); } return $decrypted; } catch (Exception $e) { throw new Exception("Failed to decrypt with the provided Ed25519 private key: " . $e->getMessage()); } } }

# You have to install cryptography from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC import os import base64 class AESCrypto: ALGORITHM = algorithms.AES IV_LENGTH = 16 KEY_LENGTH = 32 # 256 bits @staticmethod def prepare_key(key: str) -> bytes: # Hash the key using SHA-256 to ensure it's always the correct length (32 bytes) digest = hashes.Hash(hashes.SHA256(), backend=default_backend()) digest.update(key.encode('utf-8')) return digest.finalize() @staticmethod def encrypt(data: str, key: str) -> dict: # Generate a random Initialization Vector (IV) iv = os.urandom(AESCrypto.IV_LENGTH) key_buffer = AESCrypto.prepare_key(key) # Create cipher and encrypt the data cipher = Cipher(AESCrypto.ALGORITHM(key_buffer), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend()) encryptor = cipher.encryptor() # Pad data to be multiple of 16 bytes (block size for AES) padding_length = 16 - (len(data) % 16) padded_data = data + chr(padding_length) * padding_length encrypted = encryptor.update(padded_data.encode('utf-8')) + encryptor.finalize() # Return the encrypted content and the IV (both base64 encoded) return { 'content': base64.b64encode(encrypted).decode('utf-8'), 'iv': base64.b64encode(iv).decode('utf-8') } @staticmethod def decrypt(encrypted_data: dict, key: str) -> str: # Decode the base64 encoded IV and content iv = base64.b64decode(encrypted_data['iv']) encrypted_content = base64.b64decode(encrypted_data['content']) key_buffer = AESCrypto.prepare_key(key) # Create cipher and decrypt the data cipher = Cipher(AESCrypto.ALGORITHM(key_buffer), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend()) decryptor = cipher.decryptor() decrypted = decryptor.update(encrypted_content) + decryptor.finalize() # Remove padding padding_length = decrypted[-1] decrypted = decrypted[:-padding_length] return decrypted.decode('utf-8')